Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a group of pathophysiological syndromes characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure (≥25mmHg at rest) and pulmonary vascular resistance (≥2.5Woodunits at rest) caused by different etiologies, which eventually lead to the right heart Increased load, right heart failure and sudden death. According to the World Health Organization, PH is divided into 5 categories. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is currently classified as the first category of PH. The initial manifestations including dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, hemoptysis, palpitations, and progressive decline in activity endurance, which eventually leads to complications such as right heart failure, lung infection, pulmonary embolism, sudden death, and syncope.

The pathological changes of PH include pulmonary vasoconstriction, intimal hyperplasia and remodeling, and thrombosis in the body. The pathogenesis is extremely complex, and many linkages are still unclear. Global scientists have never stopped researches on the treatment of PH, but in view of the ambiguity and complexity of the pathogenesis, there is still no breakthrough in the treatment of PH.

At present, drug treatment is extremely expensive and the prognosis is comparatively poor. The cost of single-drug treatment is as high as 50,000to 70,000 dollars/year, brings a weighing burden to patients and society. Other non-pharmacological methods include transatrial septal fistula or lung transplantation, etc., which also have unsolvable problems such as high mortality and lack of donors.