his study aimed to investigate sympathetic nerve (SN) ultrastructural changes and hemodynamic and pulmonary artery (PA) pathological improvements by pulmonary arterial denervation (PADN) in animals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), as well as the underlying mechanisms. SN overactivity plays a role in PAH. Previous studies have reported short-term improvements in pul- monary arterial pressure (PAP) and cardiac function by PADN, but PA remodeling and the associated mechanisms remain unclear. PADN induces permanent SN injury and subsequent improvements in hemodynamics and PA remodeling in animals with PAH through mechanisms that may be experimentally and clinically beneficial. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2015;8:2013–23) ? 2015 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

This study aimed to determine the benefits and correlated mechanisms of PADN for HF-PH. HF-PH was characterized by downregulated β2-AR, α1A-AR, and α1B-AR and by upregulated α1D-AR. PADN is associated with significant improvements in hemodynamics and pulmonary artery remodeling.